前言

• 接着上几个视频都是演示添加用户的，然后突然想起Metasploit里面的添加用户是调用命令行的，我就想能不能把它改为调用API的，给Metasploit提交了一点点代码，这些都是我用过之后得到的一些函数，所以不一定全都是对的，而且存在对某一个知识领域不是很了解，可能会有地方讲错，请大家指正。

结构

文件结构

external：扩展文件，比如zsh的命令行自动补全，里面有一个source文件夹

data：放一些exploits要用的二进制文件，字典，配置等等，一般是上传到目标主机上执行或者在本地的一些辅助文件，里面有一个meterpreter文件放的是留后门时用到的文件。

scripts：独立脚本，可以学习里面的套路，自动化脚本。

tools：开发辅助参考等等

plugins：和其他工具的联动接口，rpc等等

modules结构

auxiliary：可以理解打点的时候用的辅助模块，端口扫描，指纹识别，漏洞验证，登录密码爆破等等

encoders：编码混淆

exploits：漏洞利用，先按照操作系统分类，里面再是各种应用协议分类

payloads：一共有三个不同的payload：Singles，Stagers和Stages。

1. Singles是独立的payload，就是一个单独个功能，比如添加一个用户，执行一条命令，生成出来就不依赖Metasploit这个框架了，可以理解为shellcode；
2. Stagers是需要依赖到Metasploit框架和目标主机建立网络连接，但是依赖较少，功能也比较单一，比如弹回一个shell；
3. Stages就是我们常用的Meterpreter(Meta-Interpreter的缩写)这个高级payload，功能强大，DLL反射

post：后渗透模块

Post Exploitation

打印信息

class.instance_variables.map{|v|v.to_s[1..-1]}
class.methods.map &:to_s
<https://rapid7.github.io/metasploit-framework/api/>
<https://www.rubydoc.info/github/rapid7/metasploit-framework>
pry调试

print_line("---")
print_good("successful")
print_error("error")
print_warning("warning")
print_status("status")
print_blank_line

当前session信息

meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer        : WIN-A18RNMNL9C2
OS              : Windows 2008 R2 (6.1 Build 7601, Service Pack 1).
Architecture    : x64
System Language : zh_CN
Domain          : KALI-TEAM
Logged On Users : 2
Meterpreter     : x86/windows

print_good(session.platform.to_s)
print_good(session.type.to_s)
print_good(session.tunnel_to_s.to_s)
print_good(session.arch.to_s)
print_good(session.info.to_s)
print_good(session.session_host.to_s)
print_good(session.session_port.to_s)
print_good(session.session_type.to_s)
print_good(session.lookup_error(5).to_s)
print_good(session.exploit_datastore['payload'].to_s)

目标网络信息

• session.net.config.

• interfaces对象

[#<Rex::Post::Meterpreter::Extensions::Stdapi::Net::Interface:0x0000562efff8bbd0 @index=10, @mac_addr="\\x00\\f)Rr\\xD0", @mac_name="Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection", @mtu=1500, @flags=nil, @addrs=["fe80::4c6f:11ed:581f:c274", "192.168.76.132"], @netmasks=["ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::", "255.255.255.0"], @scopes=["\\n\\x00\\x00\\x00"]>

• arp_table对象

[#<Rex::Post::Meterpreter::Extensions::Stdapi::Net::Arp:0x00007f3d38463030 @ip_addr="224.0.0.22", @mac_addr="00:00:00:00:00:00", @interface="1">

• get_route对象

[#<Rex::Post::Meterpreter::Extensions::Stdapi::Net::Route:0x00007f3d385a0b28 @subnet="0.0.0.0", @netmask="0.0.0.0", @gateway="192.168.76.2", @interface="10", @metric=266>

• netstat对象

[#<Rex::Post::Meterpreter::Extensions::Stdapi::Net::Netstat:0x0000562f00520168 @local_addr="::", @remote_addr="::", @local_port=54538, @remote_port=0, @protocol="udp6", @state="", @uid=0, @inode=0, @pid_name="1344/dns.exe", @local_addr_str=":::54538", @remote_addr_str=":::*">

print_good(session.net.config.interfaces[0].mac_name.to_s)
session.net.config.each_interface do |interface|
    print_good(interface.addrs.to_s)
end
print_good(session.net.config.arp_table[0].ip_addr.to_s)
print_good(session.net.config.get_routes[0].gateway.to_s)
print_good(session.net.config.netstat[0].pid_name.to_s)
print_good(session.net.config.get_proxy_config.to_s)
session.net.config.add_route(subnet, netmask, gateway)   # Add route

核心功能

session.core.use("extapi")

注册表模块

lib/msf/core/post/windows/registry.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::Registry

键操作

print_good("#{registry_createkey(hkey+'X')}")
print_good("#{registry_deletekey(hkey+'X')}")
print_good(registry_enumkeys('HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\\\Software').to_s)

值操作

reg_data_types = 'REG_SZ|REG_MULTI_SZ|REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN|REG_DWORD|REG_BINARY|'
'REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN|REG_NONE|REG_EXPAND_SZ|REG_LINK|REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR'

print_good(registry_enumvals('HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\\\Software\\\\TeamViewer\\\\').to_s)
print_good(registry_getvalinfo('HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\\\Software\\\\TeamViewer','SelectedLanguage').to_s)
print_good(registry_setvaldata('HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\\\Software\\\\TeamViewer','SelectedLanguageX', 'KT','REG_SZ').to_s)
print_good(registry_getvaldata('HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\\\Software\\\\TeamViewer','SelectedLanguage').to_s)
print_good(registry_deleteval('HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\\\Software\\\\TeamViewer','SelectedLanguageX').to_s)

Teamviewer主窗口句柄

用户账号管理

lib/msf/core/post/windows/accounts.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::Accounts

API和错误常量

lib/msf/core/post/windows/error.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::Error
lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/railgun/def/windows/api_constants.rb

print_good(session.railgun.const('ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED').to_s)

日志事件

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/sys/event_log.rb
lib/msf/core/post/windows/eventlog.rb
scripts/meterpreter/event_manager.rb
include Msf::Post::Windows::Eventlog

• event_manager插件

PowerShell模块

lib/msf/core/post/windows/powershell.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::Powershell

base_script = File.read(File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, "post", "powershell", "NTDSgrab.ps1"))
execute_script(base_script)

系统

lib/msf/core/post/windows/priv.rb
lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/sys
lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/stdapi.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::Priv

• 以前是有提权模块的，但是现在全部归到local漏洞那边了。所以就剩下这些辅助函数了。

print_good(session.sys.config.sysinfo.to_s)
print_good(session.sys.config.getprivs.to_s)
print_good(session.sys.config.getenv("windir").to_s)
print_good(session.sys.config.getuid.to_s)
print_good(session.sys.config.getsid.to_s)
print_good(session.sys.config.getdrivers[0].to_s)
print_good(session.sys.config.is_system?.to_s)
print_good(is_admin?.to_s)
print_good(steal_current_user_token.to_s)
print_good(is_in_admin_group?.to_s)
print_good(is_uac_enabled?.to_s)
print_good(get_uac_level.to_s)

反射DLL

lib/msf/core/post/windows/reflective_dll_injection.rb
modules/post/windows/manage/shellcode_inject.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::ReflectiveDLLInjection

服务管理

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/extapi/service/service.rb
lib/msf/core/post/windows/services.rb
include Msf::Post::Windows::Services

each_service do |service|
    # print_good("#{service}")
    if service[:display] == 'TeamViewer'
        print_good(service_info(service[:name]).to_s)
        print_good(service_status(service[:name]).to_s)
    end
end
# ["Boot","System","Auto","Manual","Disabled"]
service_change_startup('TeamViewer', START_TYPE_DISABLED)
service_create("TeamViewerX", { path: 'C:\\\\Program Files (x86)\\\\TeamViewer\\\\TeamViewer_Service.exe', display: "TEXT" })
service_start("TeamViewerX")
service_stop("TeamViewerX")
service_delete("TeamViewerX")

modules/exploits/windows/local/service_permissions.rb

用户设置

lib/msf/core/post/windows/user_profiles.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::UserProfiles

进程模块

lib/msf/core/post/windows/process.rb
Msf::Post::Windows::Process

执行shellcode

1. 获取当前的pid：session.sys.process.getpid
2. 打开进程得到进程句柄：host = session.sys.process.open(pid.to_i, PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS)
3. 申请内存：shell_addr = host.memory.allocate(shellcode.length)
4. 保护当前地址：host.memory.protect(shell_addr)
5. 向地址写入shellcode：host.memory.write(shell_addr, shellcode)
6. 执行shellcode：host.thread.create(shell_addr,0)

文件系统操作

include Msf::Post::File
lib/rex/post/dir.rb
lib/rex/post/file_stat.rb
lib/rex/post/file.rb
lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/fs/file_stat.rb

文件操作

• session.fs.file.

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/fs/file.rb

文件夹操作

• session.fs.dir

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/fs/dir.rb

• 获取文件的详细信息

session.fs.file.stat

剪切板管理

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/extapi/clipboard/clipboard.rb
lib/rex/post/meterpreter/ui/console/command_dispatcher/extapi/clipboard.rb
include Msf::Post::Windows::ExtAPI

WMIC

include Msf::Post::Windows::WMIC

RunAs

Msf::Post::Windows::Runas

Kiwi

Msf::Post::Windows::Kiwi

ShadowCopy

Msf::Post::Windows::ShadowCopy

LDAP

Msf::Post::Windows::LDAP

• 这个我不会！下次一定！

RailGun

lib/msf/core/post/windows/railgun.rb
lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/railgun/library.rb
lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/railgun/library_function.rb

数据类型

  @@allowed_datatypes = {
    'VOID'   => ['return'],
    'BOOL'   => ['in', 'return'],
    'DWORD'  => ['in', 'return'],
    'WORD'   => ['in', 'return'],
    'BYTE'   => ['in', 'return'],
    'LPVOID' => ['in', 'return'], # sf: for specifying a memory address (e.g. VirtualAlloc/HeapAlloc/...) where we don't want to back it up with actual mem ala PBLOB
    'HANDLE' => ['in', 'return'],
    'SIZE_T' => ['in', 'return'],
    'PDWORD' => ['in', 'out', 'inout'], # todo: support for functions that return pointers to strings
    'PWCHAR' => ['in', 'out', 'inout'],
    'PCHAR'  => ['in', 'out', 'inout'],
    'PBLOB'  => ['in', 'out', 'inout'],
  }.freeze

  @@allowed_convs = ['stdcall', 'cdecl']

  @@directions = ['in', 'out', 'inout', 'return'].freeze

• 在下面文件有详细的转换对应关系

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/railgun/util.rb
VOID, BOOL, DWORD, WORD, BYTE, LPVOID, HANDLE, PDWORD, PWCHAR, PCHAR, PBLOB

• 如果是指针数据类型的要使用：PBLOB类型，返回来的使用unpack解析，pack之后作为参数传进。

#process return value
case function.return_type
  when 'LPVOID', 'HANDLE'
    if( @native == 'Q<' )
      return_hash['return'] = rec_return_value
    else
      return_hash['return'] = rec_return_value % 4294967296
    end
  when 'DWORD'
    return_hash['return'] = rec_return_value % 4294967296
  when 'WORD'
    return_hash['return'] = rec_return_value % 65536
  when 'BYTE'
    return_hash['return'] = rec_return_value % 256
  when 'BOOL'
    return_hash['return'] = (rec_return_value != 0)
  when 'VOID'
    return_hash['return'] = nil
  else
    raise "unexpected return type: #{function.return_type}"
end

• 定义函数

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/railgun/railgun.rb

• 添加函数

 Example:
   add_function("MessageBoxW",   # name
     "DWORD",                    # return value
      [                           # params
	  ["DWORD","hWnd","in"],
      ["PWCHAR","lpText","in"],
      ["PWCHAR","lpCaption","in"],
      ["DWORD","uType","in"],
  ])

• 添加DLL库

<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions//aa383749(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN>

添加用户例子

• C代码

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/lmaccess/nf-lmaccess-netuseradd

NET_API_STATUS NET_API_FUNCTION NetUserAdd(
  LPCWSTR servername,
  DWORD   level,
  LPBYTE  buf,
  LPDWORD parm_err
);

• 在文件lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/railgun/def/windows/def_netapi32.rb添加函数。

dll.add_function('NetUserAdd', 'DWORD', [
    ["PWCHAR","servername","in"],
    ["DWORD","level","in"],
    ["PBLOB","buf","in"],
    ["PDWORD","parm_err","out"]
    ])

• 你会发现level这个参数他是一个结构体，和上面介绍的几种数据类型都对不上，怎么把level传给NetUserAdd呢？Ruby里有一个pack可以封装结构体，pack就是告诉railgun在内存中怎么解析这串东西。

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/Lmaccess/ns-lmaccess-user_info_1

• 结构体

typedef struct _USER_INFO_1 {
  LPWSTR usri1_name;
  LPWSTR usri1_password;
  DWORD  usri1_password_age;
  DWORD  usri1_priv;
  LPWSTR usri1_home_dir;
  LPWSTR usri1_comment;
  DWORD  usri1_flags;
  LPWSTR usri1_script_path;
} USER_INFO_1, *PUSER_INFO_1, *LPUSER_INFO_1;

• 上面有5个LPWSTR类型的变量，因为它是一个指针类型，在x86架构里的指针寻址32位，用pack封装的时候全部使用V就可以了，V在ruby的pack中表示：小端字节顺序的unsigned long (32bit 无符号整数)；在x64架构里寻址位数就不一样了，所以这个结构体在内存就会不一样，所以封装的时候就要使用Q，Q在ruby的pack中表示：小端字节顺序unsigned long long(64bit 无符号整数)。这个问题我用x64dbg调了一天[捂脸]。

def add_user(username, password, server_name = nil)
    addr_username = session.railgun.util.alloc_and_write_wstring(username)
    addr_password = session.railgun.util.alloc_and_write_wstring(password)
    #  Set up the USER_INFO_1 structure.
    #  <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/Lmaccess/ns-lmaccess-user_info_1>
    user_info = [
        addr_username,
        addr_password,
        0x0,
        0x1,
        0x0,
        0x0,
        client.railgun.const('UF_SCRIPT | UF_NORMAL_ACCOUNT|UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD'),
        0x0
        ].pack(client.arch == "x86" ? "VVVVVVVV" : "QQVVQQVQ")
    result = client.railgun.netapi32.NetUserAdd(server_name, 1, user_info, 4)
    client.railgun.multi([
        ["kernel32", "VirtualFree", [addr_username, 0, MEM_RELEASE]], #  addr_username
        ["kernel32", "VirtualFree", [addr_password, 0, MEM_RELEASE]], #  addr_password
        ])
    return result
end

解析返回数据

• 上面的传参一个解决了，解析数据可以使用unpack，或者有别人在util写好的函数

枚举用户

• C代码

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/lmaccess/nf-lmaccess-netuserenum

NET_API_STATUS NET_API_FUNCTION NetUserEnum(
  LPCWSTR servername,
  DWORD   level,
  DWORD   filter,
  LPBYTE  *bufptr,
  DWORD   prefmaxlen,
  LPDWORD entriesread,
  LPDWORD totalentries,
  PDWORD  resume_handle
);

• 添加函数

dll.add_function('NetUserEnum', 'DWORD', [
    ["PWCHAR","servername","in"],
    ["DWORD","level","in"],
    ["DWORD","filter","in"],
    ["PBLOB","bufptr","out"],
    ["DWORD","prefmaxlen","in"],
    ["PDWORD","entriesread","out"],
    ["PDWORD","totalentries","out"],
    ["PDWORD","ResumeHandle","inout"],
    ])

def enum_user(server_name = nil)
    users = []
    filter = 'FILTER_NORMAL_ACCOUNT|FILTER_TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT'
    result = client.railgun.netapi32.NetUserEnum(server_name, 0, client.railgun.const(filter), 4, 4096, 4, 4, 0)
    if (result['return'] == 0) && ((result['totalentries'] % 4294967296) != 0)
        begin
            user_info_addr = result['bufptr'].unpack1("V")
            unless user_info_addr == 0
                user_info = session.railgun.util.read_array(USER_INFO, (result['totalentries'] % 4294967296), user_info_addr)
                for member in user_info
                    users << member["usri0_name"]
                end
                return users
            end
        end
    else
        return users
    end
    ensure
    session.railgun.netapi32.NetApiBufferFree(user_info_addr)
end

• 可以看一下我提交的PR，上面Railgun的用法我在这个推送请求都用上了

参考

https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/12988